Notes: [1] Brownfeld P., The Afghanistan of Chechnya, The International Spectator, March 2003 [2] Chechnya Free.RU website, The Nature and Evolution of the Modern Chechen Crisis, as taken from website 29 January 2009 http://www.chechnyafree.ru/en/article.php?IBLOCK_ID=352&SECTION_ID=0&ELEMENT_ID=42441 [3] BBC News, Chechens " Confirm" Warlord's Death, 29 April 2002, as taken from website 29 January 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1957411.stm [4] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [5] La Franiere S., How Jihad Made its Way to Chechnya, The Washington Post, 26 September 2003 as taken from website on 1 April, 2009 http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2003/Jihad-In-Chechnya26apr03.htm [6] Brownfeld P., The Afghanistan of Chechnya, The International Spectator, March 2003 [7] Global Security.org, Second Chechen War-1999-???, as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/chechnya2.htm [8] Global Security.org, Beslan, North Ossetia, as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/chechnya-beslan.htm also in Karon T., Behind the Moscow Theatre Siege, Time CNN, 25 October 2002, as taken from website 1February 2009 http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,383909,00.html [9] BBC News Europe, Country Profiles Regions and Territories: Chechnya, as taken from website 5 April, 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2565049.stm [10] The Jamestown Foundation, Rights Activists Say Situation in Chechnya is "Monstrous", North Caucasus Weekly Volume: 8 Issue:5, as taken from website 5 April 2009http://www.jamestown.org/programs/ncw/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32448&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=189&no_cache=1 [11] Kupchinsky R., Chechnya: Stolen Oil and Purchased Guns, Global Security.org as taken from website 6 April 2009 http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2005/10/mil-051025-rferl04.htm also in Vatchagaev M., Oil in Chechnya : A Brief History, The Jamestown Foundation as taken from website 4 April 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4870 [12] Brownfeld P., The Afghanistan of Chechnya, The International Spectator, March 2003 also in CNN Online, Chechen Leader Confirmed Dead, 24 April 1996 as taken from website 5 April 2009 http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9604/24/dudayev/ [13] Brownfeld P., The Afghanistan of Chechnya, The International Spectator, March 2003 [14] BBC News, Obituary: Aslan Maskhadov, 8 March 2005, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/459302.stm [15] BBC News, Chechen Leader Maskhadov Killed, 8 March 2005, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4330039.stm [16] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [17] Scheuer S., Central Asia in al-Qaeda's Vision of the Anti-American Jihad, 1997-2006, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 2(2006), pp 7 [18] BBC News, Chechens " Confirm" Warlord's Death, 29 April 2002, as taken from website 29 January 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1957411.stm [19] BBC News, Chechen Rebel Chief Basayev Dies, 10 July 2006, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5165456.stm [20] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [21] Steele J., Shamil Basayev, guardian.uk, 11 July 2006, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2006/jul/11/guardianobituaries.chechnya [22] Steele J., Shamil Basayev, guardian.uk, 11 July 2006, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2006/jul/11/guardianobituaries.chechnyaalso in Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 also in De Nesnera A., Separatist Leaders have shaped Chechnya's Recent History, NewsVOA.com 5 April 2005 as taken from website 2 February 2009 [23] Al-Shishani, Portrait of a Chechen Mujahid Leader, The Jamestown Foundation, 19 May 2005 as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=399 [24] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-20 [25] The Jamestown Foundation, Abu Omar Reportedly Killed, 15 December 2005 as taken from website 2 February 2009. http://www.jamestown.org/programs/ncw/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=31223&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=187&no_cache=1 [26] Religioscope, Chechnya: Amir Abu al-Walid and the Islamic Component of the Chechen War, 26 February 2003 as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.religioscope.info/article_88.shtml [27] Global Jihad website, Al Walid, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.globaljihad.net/view_page.asp?id=1038 [28] McGregor A., Abu Hafs al-Hurdani: The Quiet Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, 1 February 2005 as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=27481 [29] McGregor A., Death of a Jordanian Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=3404 [30] Bamford D., Obituary: Zelimkhan Yanderbiyev, BBC News, 13 February 2004 as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3486179.stm [31] Myers S., Qatar Court Convicts Two Russians in Top Chechen's Death, New York Times, 1 July 2004 as taken from website 2 February 2004 http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E6D91338F932A35754C0A9629C8B63 [32]United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Chechnya Current Situation, as taken from website 2 April 2009 http://www.ushmm.org/conscience/alert/chechnya/contents/02-current/ [33] Roggio B., Doku Amarov declares Islamic Caucuses Emirate, The Long War Journal, 29 November 2007 as taken from website 2 April 2009 http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/11/doku_umarov_declares.php [34] Gunaratna R., Inside al-Qaeda, Columbia University Press, 2002, pp 22 [35] Ibid 234 [36] Gunaratna R., Inside al-Qaeda, Columbia University Press, 2002, pp 92 [37] ibid pp 134-135 [38] ibid pp 135 [39] ibid, pp 5 [40] Williams B., The "Chechen Arabs": An Introduction To the Real Al-Qaeda Terrorists from Chechnya, The Jamestown Foundation, 5 May, 2005 as taken from website 10 February, 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=435 [41] Brownfeld P., The Afghanistan of Chechnya, The International Spectator, March 2003 [42]McGregor A., Death of a Jordanian Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=3404 [43] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [44] Steele J., Shamil Basayev, guardian.uk, 11 July 2006, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2006/jul/11/guardianobituaries.chechnya [45] McGregor A., Death of a Jordanian Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=3404 [46] Religioscope, Chechnya: Amir Abu al-Walid and the Islamic Component of the Chechen War, 26 February 2003 as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.religioscope.info/article_88.shtml [46] Global Jihad website, Al Walid, as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.globaljihad.net/view_page.asp?id=1038 [47] Al-Shishani, Portrait of a Chechen Mujahid Leader, The Jamestown Foundation, 19 May 2005 as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=399 [48] Vatchagaev M., North Caucasus Insurgency Attracting Mainly Young and Committed Members, The Jamestown Foundation, 15 January 2009 as taken from website 26 January 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=399 [49] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [50]Vatchagaev M., North Caucasus Insurgency Attracting Mainly Young and Committed Members, The Jamestown Foundation, 15 January 2009 as taken from website 26 January 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=399 [51]Vatchagaev M., North Caucasus Insurgency Attracting Mainly Young and Committed Members, The Jamestown Foundation, 15 January 2009 as taken from website 26 January 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=399 [52]Scheuer S., Central Asia in al-Qaeda's Vision of the Anti-American Jihad, 1997-2006, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 2(2006), pp 7 [53]Brownfeld P., The Afghanistan of Chechnya, The International Spectator, March 2003 [54]Religioscope, Chechnya: Amir Abu al-Walid and the Islamic Component of the Chechen War, 26 February 2003 as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.religioscope.info/article_88.shtml [55] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 also in Williams B., The "Chechen Arabs": An Introduction To the Real Al-Qaeda Terrorists from Chechnya, The Jamestown Foundation, 5 May, 2005 as taken from website 10 February, 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=435 [56]Al-Shishani, Portrait of a Chechen Mujahid Leader, The Jamestown Foundation, 19 May 2005 as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=399 [57] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [58] Bamford D., Obituary: Zelimkhan Yanderbiyev, BBC News, 13 February 2004 as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3486179.stm [59] Working R., War :back home" divides Jordan's Chechen community, The Japan Times Online, 20 December 2001, as taken from website 1 April 2009 http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20011220a3.html [60] Gunaratna R., Inside al-Qaeda, Columbia University Press, 2002, pp 5 [61] ibid pp 64 [62] Williams B., The "Chechen Arabs": An Introduction To the Real Al-Qaeda Terrorists from Chechnya, The Jamestown Foundation, 5 May, 2005 as taken from website 10 February, 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=435 [63] McGregor A., Death of a Jordanian Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=3404 [64] McGregor A., Abu Hafs al-Hurdani: The Quiet Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, 1 February 2005 as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=27481 [65] Henkin Y., From Tactical Terrorism to Holy War: the Evolution of Chechen Terrorism, 1995-2004, Central Asian Survey, March-June 2006, 25(1-2) pp 193-203 [66] Religioscope, Chechnya: Amir Abu al-Walid and the Islamic Component of the Chechen War, 26 February 2003 as taken from website 2 February 2009 http://www.religioscope.info/article_88.shtml also in Williams B., The "Chechen Arabs": An Introduction To the Real Al-Qaeda Terrorists from Chechnya, The Jamestown Foundation, 5 May, 2005 as taken from website 10 February, 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=435 [67] McGregor A., Abu Hafs al-Hurdani: The Quiet Mujahid, The Jamestown Foundation, 1 February 2005 as taken from website 1 February 2009 http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=27481 [68] Gunaratna R., Inside al-Qaeda, Columbia University Press, 2002, pp 234